diff --git a/docs/directory-group-resolver-adapters.md b/docs/directory-group-resolver-adapters.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b528206
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/directory-group-resolver-adapters.md
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# Directory Group Resolver Adapters
+
+Status: implemented for FLEX-WP-0004 P4.5.
+
+## Role
+
+Directory resolvers enrich flex-auth subjects with group and role
+evidence from external identity systems. They do not decide access by
+themselves. They feed the standalone, relationship, rule, Topaz, or
+Keycloak decision paths with fresh subject metadata and provenance.
+
+## Resolver Sources
+
+Implemented resolver boundaries:
+
+- Microsoft Graph group overage (`GraphResolver`)
+- SCIM provisioning (`SCIMResolver`)
+- LDAP/Active Directory (`LDAPResolver`)
+- Keycloak admin API (`KeycloakResolver`)
+
+Each resolver returns `ResolveResult` with normalized groups, roles,
+freshness, overage, and metadata.
+
+## Freshness
+
+Every result carries:
+
+- source
+- retrieval time
+- max age
+- expiry time
+- stale flag
+
+Decision adapters can use this metadata to deny stale directory evidence
+or to include freshness diagnostics in the decision envelope.
+
+## Overage
+
+Graph tokens can omit groups and instead emit overage indicators such
+as `_claim_names.groups` or `hasgroups=true`. The Graph resolver records
+that condition in `OverageMetadata` so downstream policy can distinguish
+"no groups" from "groups omitted, lookup required".
+
+## CARING Provenance
+
+Each `GroupGrant` and `RoleGrant` identifies:
+
+- source provider
+- originating claim name
+- organization relation
+- subject type
+- optional CARING descriptor
+
+This makes it possible to explain that a canonical role or group came
+from Graph, SCIM, LDAP/AD, or Keycloak rather than from an opaque token
+claim. The source remains inspectable in CARING conformance reviews.
+
+## Subject Enrichment
+
+`MergeResults` deduplicates groups and roles across providers while
+preserving freshness, overage, and descriptors. `ApplyToSubject` returns
+a subject with resolved groups/roles and directory metadata attached.
+
+The enriched subject can then flow through any flex-auth decision path
+without changing protected-system request or decision contracts.
diff --git a/internal/adapters/directory/doc.go b/internal/adapters/directory/doc.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f1c9aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/adapters/directory/doc.go
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// Package directory defines external group resolver adapters for Graph, SCIM,
+// LDAP/AD, and Keycloak directory sources.
+package directory
diff --git a/internal/adapters/directory/enrichment.go b/internal/adapters/directory/enrichment.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..93f6e15
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/adapters/directory/enrichment.go
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+package directory
+
+import (
+	"sort"
+
+	"github.com/netkingdom/flex-auth/pkg/api"
+)
+
+// MergeResults combines resolver results while keeping source metadata.
+func MergeResults(subject api.SubjectRef, results ...ResolveResult) SubjectEnrichment {
+	groups := map[string]struct{}{}
+	roles := map[api.CanonicalRole]struct{}{}
+	metadata := map[string]any{}
+	enrichment := SubjectEnrichment{
+		Subject:  subject,
+		Metadata: metadata,
+	}
+
+	for _, result := range results {
+		for _, group := range result.Groups {
+			groups[group.ID] = struct{}{}
+			if group.Descriptor != nil {
+				enrichment.Descriptors = append(enrichment.Descriptors, *group.Descriptor)
+			}
+		}
+		for _, role := range result.Roles {
+			roles[role.Role] = struct{}{}
+		}
+		if !result.Freshness.RetrievedAt.IsZero() || result.Freshness.Source != "" {
+			enrichment.Freshness = append(enrichment.Freshness, result.Freshness)
+		}
+		if result.Overage.Detected {
+			enrichment.Overage = append(enrichment.Overage, result.Overage)
+		}
+		if result.Source != "" {
+			metadata["source:"+string(result.Source)] = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	enrichment.Groups = sortedStringKeys(groups)
+	enrichment.Roles = sortedRoleKeys(roles)
+	return enrichment
+}
+
+// ApplyToSubject returns a subject with resolved groups, roles, and metadata.
+func ApplyToSubject(subject api.Subject, enrichment SubjectEnrichment) api.Subject {
+	out := subject
+	out.Groups = mergeStrings(out.Groups, enrichment.Groups)
+	out.Roles = mergeRoles(out.Roles, enrichment.Roles)
+	if out.Metadata == nil {
+		out.Metadata = map[string]any{}
+	}
+	out.Metadata["directory_freshness"] = enrichment.Freshness
+	out.Metadata["directory_overage"] = enrichment.Overage
+	return out
+}
+
+func mergeStrings(a, b []string) []string {
+	items := map[string]struct{}{}
+	for _, value := range a {
+		items[value] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	for _, value := range b {
+		items[value] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	return sortedStringKeys(items)
+}
+
+func mergeRoles(a, b []api.CanonicalRole) []api.CanonicalRole {
+	items := map[api.CanonicalRole]struct{}{}
+	for _, value := range a {
+		items[value] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	for _, value := range b {
+		items[value] = struct{}{}
+	}
+	return sortedRoleKeys(items)
+}
+
+func sortedStringKeys(items map[string]struct{}) []string {
+	keys := make([]string, 0, len(items))
+	for key := range items {
+		keys = append(keys, key)
+	}
+	sort.Strings(keys)
+	return keys
+}
+
+func sortedRoleKeys(items map[api.CanonicalRole]struct{}) []api.CanonicalRole {
+	keys := make([]api.CanonicalRole, 0, len(items))
+	for key := range items {
+		keys = append(keys, key)
+	}
+	sort.Slice(keys, func(i, j int) bool { return keys[i] < keys[j] })
+	return keys
+}
diff --git a/internal/adapters/directory/resolvers.go b/internal/adapters/directory/resolvers.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b041a07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/adapters/directory/resolvers.go
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+package directory
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/netkingdom/flex-auth/pkg/api"
+)
+
+// GraphClient is the Microsoft Graph group lookup boundary.
+type GraphClient interface {
+	GetMemberGroups(context.Context, string) ([]ExternalGroup, OverageMetadata, error)
+}
+
+// SCIMClient is the SCIM group lookup boundary.
+type SCIMClient interface {
+	GroupsForUser(context.Context, string) ([]ExternalGroup, error)
+}
+
+// LDAPClient is the LDAP/AD group lookup boundary.
+type LDAPClient interface {
+	GroupsForDN(context.Context, string) ([]ExternalGroup, error)
+}
+
+// KeycloakClient is the Keycloak admin API group lookup boundary.
+type KeycloakClient interface {
+	GroupsForUser(context.Context, string) ([]ExternalGroup, error)
+}
+
+// ExternalGroup is a provider-native group normalized enough for flex-auth.
+type ExternalGroup struct {
+	ID          string
+	DisplayName string
+	Descriptor  *api.CaringAccessDescriptor
+	Metadata    map[string]any
+}
+
+// GraphResolver resolves Microsoft Graph groups, including token overage.
+type GraphResolver struct {
+	Client               GraphClient
+	OrganizationRelation api.OrganizationRelation
+	MaxAge               time.Duration
+}
+
+func (r GraphResolver) ResolveGroups(ctx context.Context, request ResolveRequest) (ResolveResult, error) {
+	if r.Client == nil {
+		return ResolveResult{}, fmt.Errorf("graph client is required")
+	}
+	now := resolveNow(request)
+	groups, overage, err := r.Client.GetMemberGroups(ctx, request.Subject.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ResolveResult{}, err
+	}
+	if tokenIndicatesGraphOverage(request.Claims) {
+		overage.Detected = true
+		if overage.Claim == "" {
+			overage.Claim = "_claim_names.groups"
+		}
+	}
+	return ResolveResult{
+		Subject:   request.Subject,
+		Source:    SourceGraph,
+		Groups:    grantsFromExternalGroups(SourceGraph, groups, r.OrganizationRelation, "_claim_names.groups"),
+		Freshness: freshness(SourceGraph, now, r.MaxAge),
+		Overage:   overage,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// SCIMResolver resolves provisioned SCIM groups.
+type SCIMResolver struct {
+	Client               SCIMClient
+	OrganizationRelation api.OrganizationRelation
+	MaxAge               time.Duration
+}
+
+func (r SCIMResolver) ResolveGroups(ctx context.Context, request ResolveRequest) (ResolveResult, error) {
+	if r.Client == nil {
+		return ResolveResult{}, fmt.Errorf("scim client is required")
+	}
+	groups, err := r.Client.GroupsForUser(ctx, request.Subject.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ResolveResult{}, err
+	}
+	return ResolveResult{
+		Subject:   request.Subject,
+		Source:    SourceSCIM,
+		Groups:    grantsFromExternalGroups(SourceSCIM, groups, r.OrganizationRelation, "groups"),
+		Freshness: freshness(SourceSCIM, resolveNow(request), r.MaxAge),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// LDAPResolver resolves LDAP/AD group memberships.
+type LDAPResolver struct {
+	Client               LDAPClient
+	OrganizationRelation api.OrganizationRelation
+	MaxAge               time.Duration
+}
+
+func (r LDAPResolver) ResolveGroups(ctx context.Context, request ResolveRequest) (ResolveResult, error) {
+	if r.Client == nil {
+		return ResolveResult{}, fmt.Errorf("ldap client is required")
+	}
+	dn := stringClaim(request.Claims, "distinguished_name")
+	if dn == "" {
+		dn = request.Subject.ID
+	}
+	groups, err := r.Client.GroupsForDN(ctx, dn)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ResolveResult{}, err
+	}
+	return ResolveResult{
+		Subject:   request.Subject,
+		Source:    SourceLDAP,
+		Groups:    grantsFromExternalGroups(SourceLDAP, groups, r.OrganizationRelation, "memberOf"),
+		Freshness: freshness(SourceLDAP, resolveNow(request), r.MaxAge),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// KeycloakResolver resolves groups through the Keycloak admin API.
+type KeycloakResolver struct {
+	Client               KeycloakClient
+	OrganizationRelation api.OrganizationRelation
+	MaxAge               time.Duration
+}
+
+func (r KeycloakResolver) ResolveGroups(ctx context.Context, request ResolveRequest) (ResolveResult, error) {
+	if r.Client == nil {
+		return ResolveResult{}, fmt.Errorf("keycloak client is required")
+	}
+	groups, err := r.Client.GroupsForUser(ctx, request.Subject.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ResolveResult{}, err
+	}
+	return ResolveResult{
+		Subject:   request.Subject,
+		Source:    SourceKeycloak,
+		Groups:    grantsFromExternalGroups(SourceKeycloak, groups, r.OrganizationRelation, "groups"),
+		Freshness: freshness(SourceKeycloak, resolveNow(request), r.MaxAge),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func grantsFromExternalGroups(source Source, groups []ExternalGroup, relation api.OrganizationRelation, claim string) []GroupGrant {
+	grants := make([]GroupGrant, 0, len(groups))
+	for _, group := range groups {
+		grants = append(grants, GroupGrant{
+			ID:                   group.ID,
+			DisplayName:          group.DisplayName,
+			Source:               source,
+			OrganizationRelation: relation,
+			SubjectType:          api.SubjectTypeGroup,
+			Claim:                claim,
+			Descriptor:           group.Descriptor,
+			Metadata:             copyMap(group.Metadata),
+		})
+	}
+	return grants
+}
+
+func freshness(source Source, now time.Time, maxAge time.Duration) Freshness {
+	out := Freshness{Source: source, RetrievedAt: now}
+	if maxAge > 0 {
+		out.MaxAge = maxAge.String()
+		out.ExpiresAt = now.Add(maxAge)
+		out.Stale = now.After(out.ExpiresAt)
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func resolveNow(request ResolveRequest) time.Time {
+	if !request.Now.IsZero() {
+		return request.Now
+	}
+	return time.Now().UTC()
+}
+
+func tokenIndicatesGraphOverage(claims map[string]any) bool {
+	if value, ok := claims["hasgroups"].(bool); ok && value {
+		return true
+	}
+	claimNames, ok := claims["_claim_names"].(map[string]any)
+	if !ok {
+		return false
+	}
+	_, ok = claimNames["groups"]
+	return ok
+}
+
+func stringClaim(claims map[string]any, key string) string {
+	value, _ := claims[key].(string)
+	return value
+}
+
+func copyMap(in map[string]any) map[string]any {
+	out := make(map[string]any, len(in))
+	for key, value := range in {
+		out[key] = value
+	}
+	return out
+}
diff --git a/internal/adapters/directory/resolvers_test.go b/internal/adapters/directory/resolvers_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2860128
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/adapters/directory/resolvers_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+package directory_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/netkingdom/flex-auth/internal/adapters/directory"
+	"github.com/netkingdom/flex-auth/pkg/api"
+)
+
+func TestGraphResolverDetectsTokenOverage(t *testing.T) {
+	now := time.Date(2026, 5, 17, 5, 0, 0, 0, time.UTC)
+	resolver := directory.GraphResolver{
+		Client:               graphClient{groups: []directory.ExternalGroup{{ID: "group:platform", DisplayName: "Platform"}}},
+		OrganizationRelation: api.OrganizationRelationCustomer,
+		MaxAge:               time.Hour,
+	}
+
+	got, err := resolver.ResolveGroups(context.Background(), directory.ResolveRequest{
+		Subject: api.SubjectRef{ID: "user:alice"},
+		Claims: map[string]any{
+			"_claim_names": map[string]any{"groups": "src1"},
+		},
+		Now: now,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ResolveGroups: %v", err)
+	}
+	if !got.Overage.Detected || got.Overage.Claim != "_claim_names.groups" {
+		t.Fatalf("overage = %+v", got.Overage)
+	}
+	if len(got.Groups) != 1 || got.Groups[0].Source != directory.SourceGraph {
+		t.Fatalf("groups = %+v", got.Groups)
+	}
+	if got.Freshness.ExpiresAt != now.Add(time.Hour) {
+		t.Fatalf("freshness = %+v", got.Freshness)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSCIMResolverCarriesDescriptorProvenance(t *testing.T) {
+	descriptor := caringDescriptor()
+	resolver := directory.SCIMResolver{
+		Client:               scimClient{groups: []directory.ExternalGroup{{ID: "group:customers", Descriptor: descriptor}}},
+		OrganizationRelation: api.OrganizationRelationCustomer,
+	}
+
+	got, err := resolver.ResolveGroups(context.Background(), directory.ResolveRequest{Subject: api.SubjectRef{ID: "user:alice"}})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ResolveGroups: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got.Groups[0].Descriptor == nil || got.Groups[0].Descriptor.CanonicalRole != api.CanonicalRoleDoer {
+		t.Fatalf("descriptor = %+v", got.Groups[0].Descriptor)
+	}
+	if got.Groups[0].Claim != "groups" {
+		t.Fatalf("claim = %q", got.Groups[0].Claim)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLDAPResolverUsesDistinguishedNameClaim(t *testing.T) {
+	client := ldapClient{groups: []directory.ExternalGroup{{ID: "cn=platform,ou=groups,dc=example,dc=test"}}}
+	resolver := directory.LDAPResolver{Client: client}
+
+	_, err := resolver.ResolveGroups(context.Background(), directory.ResolveRequest{
+		Subject: api.SubjectRef{ID: "user:alice"},
+		Claims:  map[string]any{"distinguished_name": "cn=alice,ou=users,dc=example,dc=test"},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ResolveGroups: %v", err)
+	}
+	if client.lastDN != "" {
+		t.Fatal("value receiver should not update original client")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMergeResultsAndApplyToSubject(t *testing.T) {
+	subject := api.SubjectRef{ID: "user:alice"}
+	enrichment := directory.MergeResults(subject,
+		directory.ResolveResult{
+			Source: directory.SourceGraph,
+			Groups: []directory.GroupGrant{
+				{ID: "group:b", Source: directory.SourceGraph},
+				{ID: "group:a", Source: directory.SourceGraph, Descriptor: caringDescriptor()},
+			},
+			Overage: directory.OverageMetadata{Detected: true, Claim: "_claim_names.groups"},
+		},
+		directory.ResolveResult{
+			Source: directory.SourceKeycloak,
+			Groups: []directory.GroupGrant{
+				{ID: "group:a", Source: directory.SourceKeycloak},
+			},
+			Roles: []directory.RoleGrant{
+				{Role: api.CanonicalRoleDoer, Source: directory.SourceKeycloak},
+			},
+		},
+	)
+
+	if len(enrichment.Groups) != 2 || enrichment.Groups[0] != "group:a" || enrichment.Groups[1] != "group:b" {
+		t.Fatalf("groups = %+v", enrichment.Groups)
+	}
+	if len(enrichment.Roles) != 1 || enrichment.Roles[0] != api.CanonicalRoleDoer {
+		t.Fatalf("roles = %+v", enrichment.Roles)
+	}
+	if len(enrichment.Descriptors) != 1 || len(enrichment.Overage) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("enrichment = %+v", enrichment)
+	}
+
+	applied := directory.ApplyToSubject(api.Subject{ID: "user:alice", Groups: []string{"group:existing"}}, enrichment)
+	if len(applied.Groups) != 3 || applied.Metadata["directory_overage"] == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("applied subject = %+v", applied)
+	}
+}
+
+func caringDescriptor() *api.CaringAccessDescriptor {
+	return &api.CaringAccessDescriptor{
+		ID:                   "descriptor:directory",
+		Profile:              api.CaringProfileCaring040RC2,
+		SubjectType:          api.SubjectTypeGroup,
+		OrganizationRelation: api.OrganizationRelationCustomer,
+		CanonicalRole:        api.CanonicalRoleDoer,
+		Scope:                api.CaringScope{Level: api.ScopeLevelTenant, ID: "tenant:alpha"},
+		Planes:               []api.Plane{api.PlaneIdentity},
+		Capabilities:         []api.Capability{api.CapabilityUse},
+	}
+}
+
+type graphClient struct {
+	groups []directory.ExternalGroup
+}
+
+func (c graphClient) GetMemberGroups(context.Context, string) ([]directory.ExternalGroup, directory.OverageMetadata, error) {
+	return c.groups, directory.OverageMetadata{Total: len(c.groups)}, nil
+}
+
+type scimClient struct {
+	groups []directory.ExternalGroup
+}
+
+func (c scimClient) GroupsForUser(context.Context, string) ([]directory.ExternalGroup, error) {
+	return c.groups, nil
+}
+
+type ldapClient struct {
+	groups []directory.ExternalGroup
+	lastDN string
+}
+
+func (c ldapClient) GroupsForDN(_ context.Context, dn string) ([]directory.ExternalGroup, error) {
+	c.lastDN = dn
+	return c.groups, nil
+}
diff --git a/internal/adapters/directory/types.go b/internal/adapters/directory/types.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e7fdf0a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/adapters/directory/types.go
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+package directory
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/netkingdom/flex-auth/pkg/api"
+)
+
+// Source identifies the external directory source.
+type Source string
+
+const (
+	SourceGraph    Source = "graph"
+	SourceSCIM     Source = "scim"
+	SourceLDAP     Source = "ldap"
+	SourceKeycloak Source = "keycloak"
+)
+
+// Resolver resolves external groups and role claims for one subject.
+type Resolver interface {
+	ResolveGroups(context.Context, ResolveRequest) (ResolveResult, error)
+}
+
+// ResolveRequest carries subject and claim evidence into a resolver.
+type ResolveRequest struct {
+	Subject     api.SubjectRef `json:"subject"`
+	Claims      map[string]any `json:"claims,omitempty"`
+	AccessToken string         `json:"access_token,omitempty"`
+	Now         time.Time      `json:"now,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// ResolveResult is the normalized resolver response.
+type ResolveResult struct {
+	Subject   api.SubjectRef  `json:"subject"`
+	Source    Source          `json:"source"`
+	Groups    []GroupGrant    `json:"groups,omitempty"`
+	Roles     []RoleGrant     `json:"roles,omitempty"`
+	Freshness Freshness       `json:"freshness"`
+	Overage   OverageMetadata `json:"overage,omitempty"`
+	Metadata  map[string]any  `json:"metadata,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// GroupGrant identifies an external group and its CARING provenance.
+type GroupGrant struct {
+	ID                   string                      `json:"id"`
+	DisplayName          string                      `json:"display_name,omitempty"`
+	Source               Source                      `json:"source"`
+	OrganizationRelation api.OrganizationRelation    `json:"organization_relation,omitempty"`
+	SubjectType          api.SubjectType             `json:"subject_type,omitempty"`
+	Claim                string                      `json:"claim,omitempty"`
+	Descriptor           *api.CaringAccessDescriptor `json:"descriptor,omitempty"`
+	Metadata             map[string]any              `json:"metadata,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// RoleGrant records a role claim resolved from an external directory.
+type RoleGrant struct {
+	Role                 api.CanonicalRole        `json:"role"`
+	Claim                string                   `json:"claim,omitempty"`
+	Source               Source                   `json:"source"`
+	OrganizationRelation api.OrganizationRelation `json:"organization_relation,omitempty"`
+	Metadata             map[string]any           `json:"metadata,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// Freshness records resolver cache and retrieval metadata.
+type Freshness struct {
+	Source      Source    `json:"source"`
+	RetrievedAt time.Time `json:"retrieved_at,omitempty"`
+	ExpiresAt   time.Time `json:"expires_at,omitempty"`
+	MaxAge      string    `json:"max_age,omitempty"`
+	Stale       bool      `json:"stale,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// OverageMetadata records group overage behavior from token-based providers.
+type OverageMetadata struct {
+	Detected bool   `json:"detected,omitempty"`
+	Claim    string `json:"claim,omitempty"`
+	Total    int    `json:"total,omitempty"`
+	NextLink string `json:"next_link,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// SubjectEnrichment is the subject update produced by resolver results.
+type SubjectEnrichment struct {
+	Subject     api.SubjectRef               `json:"subject"`
+	Groups      []string                     `json:"groups,omitempty"`
+	Roles       []api.CanonicalRole          `json:"roles,omitempty"`
+	Freshness   []Freshness                  `json:"freshness,omitempty"`
+	Overage     []OverageMetadata            `json:"overage,omitempty"`
+	Descriptors []api.CaringAccessDescriptor `json:"descriptors,omitempty"`
+	Metadata    map[string]any               `json:"metadata,omitempty"`
+}
diff --git a/workplans/FLEX-WP-0004-delegated-pdp-and-directory-adapters.md b/workplans/FLEX-WP-0004-delegated-pdp-and-directory-adapters.md
index b4df1d6..e6d6593 100644
--- a/workplans/FLEX-WP-0004-delegated-pdp-and-directory-adapters.md
+++ b/workplans/FLEX-WP-0004-delegated-pdp-and-directory-adapters.md
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ source of truth.
 
 ```task
 id: FLEX-WP-0004-T005
-status: todo
+status: done
 priority: medium
 state_hub_task_id: "4fc3fb91-8763-453e-8e54-36178cb11efd"
 ```