infospace: process book-2-chapter-01

Extract entities, map to VSM, and synthesize analysis.

examples/infospace-with-history/output/entities/book-2-chapter-01-prompt.md

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+# Extract Economic Entities
+
+You are an analytical economist specializing in classical economic theory.
+Your task is to extract distinct economic entities from a chapter of
+Adam Smith's *The Wealth of Nations*.
+
+## Source Chapter
+
+---
+id: book-2-chapter-01
+title: "OF THE DIVISION OF STOCK."
+book: "2"
+chapter: 1
+artifact_type: content
+---
+
+CHAPTER I.
+OF THE DIVISION OF STOCK.
+
+
+
+      When the stock which a man possesses is no more than sufficient to
+      maintain him for a few days or a few weeks, he seldom thinks of deriving
+      any revenue from it. He consumes it as sparingly as he can, and
+      endeavours, by his labour, to acquire something which may supply its place
+      before it be consumed altogether. His revenue is, in this case, derived
+      from his labour only. This is the state of the greater part of the
+      labouring poor in all countries.
+
+      But when he possesses stock sufficient to maintain him for months or
+      years, he naturally endeavours to derive a revenue from the greater part
+      of it, reserving only so much for his immediate consumption as may
+      maintain him till this revenue begins to come in. His whole stock,
+      therefore, is distinguished into two parts. That part which he expects is
+      to afford him this revenue is called his capital. The other is that which
+      supplies his immediate consumption, and which consists either, first, in
+      that portion of his whole stock which was originally reserved for this
+      purpose; or, secondly, in his revenue, from whatever source derived, as it
+      gradually comes in; or, thirdly, in such things as had been purchased by
+      either of these in former years, and which are not yet entirely consumed,
+      such as a stock of clothes, household furniture, and the like. In one or
+      other, or all of these three articles, consists the stock which men
+      commonly reserve for their own immediate consumption.
+
+      There are two different ways in which a capital may be employed so as to
+      yield a revenue or profit to its employer.
+
+      First, it may be employed in raising, manufacturing, or purchasing goods,
+      and selling them again with a profit. The capital employed in this manner
+      yields no revenue or profit to its employer, while it either remains in
+      his possession, or continues in the same shape. The goods of the merchant
+      yield him no revenue or profit till he sells them for money, and the money
+      yields him as little till it is again exchanged for goods. His capital is
+      continually going from him in one shape, and returning to him in another;
+      and it is only by means of such circulation, or successive changes, that
+      it can yield him any profit. Such capitals, therefore, may very properly
+      be called circulating capitals.
+
+      Secondly, it may be employed in the improvement of land, in the purchase
+      of useful machines and instruments of trade, or in such like things as
+      yield a revenue or profit without changing masters, or circulating any
+      further. Such capitals, therefore, may very properly be called fixed
+      capitals.
+
+      Different occupations require very different proportions between the fixed
+      and circulating capitals employed in them.
+
+      The capital of a merchant, for example, is altogether a circulating
+      capital. He has occasion for no machines or instruments of trade, unless
+      his shop or warehouse be considered as such.
+
+      Some part of the capital of every master artificer or manufacturer must be
+      fixed in the instruments of his trade. This part, however, is very small
+      in some, and very great in others, A master tailor requires no other
+      instruments of trade but a parcel of needles. Those of the master
+      shoemaker are a little, though but a very little, more expensive. Those of
+      the weaver rise a good deal above those of the shoemaker. The far greater
+      part of the capital of all such master artificers, however, is circulated
+      either in the wages of their workmen, or in the price of their materials,
+      and repaid, with a profit, by the price of the work.
+
+      In other works a much greater fixed capital is required. In a great
+      iron-work, for example, the furnace for melting the ore, the forge, the
+      slit-mill, are instruments of trade which cannot be erected without a very
+      great expense. In coal works, and mines of every kind, the machinery
+      necessary, both for drawing out the water, and for other purposes, is
+      frequently still more expensive.
+
+      That part of the capital of the farmer which is employed in the
+      instruments of agriculture is a fixed, that which is employed in the wages
+      and maintenance of his labouring servants is a circulating capital. He
+      makes a profit of the one by keeping it in his own possession, and of the
+      other by parting with it. The price or value of his labouring cattle is a
+      fixed capital, in the same manner as that of the instruments of husbandry;
+      their maintenance is a circulating capital, in the same manner as that of
+      the labouring servants. The farmer makes his profit by keeping the
+      labouring cattle, and by parting with their maintenance. Both the price
+      and the maintenance of the cattle which are bought in and fattened, not
+      for labour, but for sale, are a circulating capital. The farmer makes his
+      profit by parting with them. A flock of sheep or a herd of cattle, that,
+      in a breeding country, is brought in neither for labour nor for sale, but
+      in order to make a profit by their wool, by their milk, and by their
+      increase, is a fixed capital. The profit is made by keeping them. Their
+      maintenance is a circulating capital. The profit is made by parting with
+      it; and it comes back with both its own profit and the profit upon the
+      whole price of the cattle, in the price of the wool, the milk, and the
+      increase. The whole value of the seed, too, is properly a fixed capital.
+      Though it goes backwards and forwards between the ground and the granary,
+      it never changes masters, and therefore does not properly circulate. The
+      farmer makes his profit, not by its sale, but by its increase.
+
+      The general stock of any country or society is the same with that of all
+      its inhabitants or members; and, therefore, naturally divides itself into
+      the same three portions, each of which has a distinct function or office.
+
+      The first is that portion which is reserved for immediate consumption, and
+      of which the characteristic is, that it affords no revenue or profit. It
+      consists in the stock of food, clothes, household furniture, etc. which
+      have been purchased by their proper consumers, but which are not yet
+      entirely consumed. The whole stock of mere dwelling-houses, too,
+      subsisting at any one time in the country, make a part of this first
+      portion. The stock that is laid out in a house, if it is to be the
+      dwelling-house of the proprietor, ceases from that moment to serve in the
+      function of a capital, or to afford any revenue to its owner. A
+      dwelling-house, as such, contributes nothing to the revenue of its
+      inhabitant; and though it is, no doubt, extremely useful to him, it is as
+      his clothes and household furniture are useful to him, which, however,
+      make a part of his expense, and not of his revenue. If it is to be let to
+      a tenant for rent, as the house itself can produce nothing, the tenant
+      must always pay the rent out of some other revenue, which he derives,
+      either from labour, or stock, or land. Though a house, therefore, may
+      yield a revenue to its proprietor, and thereby serve in the function of a
+      capital to him, it cannot yield any to the public, nor serve in the
+      function of a capital to it, and the revenue of the whole body of the
+      people can never be in the smallest degree increased by it. Clothes and
+      household furniture, in the same manner, sometimes yield a revenue, and
+      thereby serve in the function of a capital to particular persons. In
+      countries where masquerades are common, it is a trade to let out
+      masquerade dresses for a night. Upholsterers frequently let furniture by
+      the month or by the year. Undertakers let the furniture of funerals by the
+      day and by the week. Many people let furnished houses, and get a rent, not
+      only for the use of the house, but for that of the furniture. The revenue,
+      however, which is derived from such things, must always be ultimately
+      drawn from some other source of revenue. Of all parts of the stock, either
+      of an individual or of a society, reserved for immediate consumption, what
+      is laid out in houses is most slowly consumed. A stock of clothes may last
+      several years; a stock of furniture half a century or a century; but a
+      stock of houses, well built and properly taken care of, may last many
+      centuries. Though the period of their total consumption, however, is more
+      distant, they are still as really a stock reserved for immediate
+      consumption as either clothes or household furniture.
+
+      The second of the three portions into which the general stock of the
+      society divides itself, is the fixed capital; of which the characteristic
+      is, that it affords a revenue or profit without circulating or changing
+      masters. It consists chiefly of the four following articles.
+
+      First, of all useful machines and instruments of trade, which facilitate
+      and abridge labour.
+
+      Secondly, of all those profitable buildings which are the means of
+      procuring a revenue, not only to the proprietor who lets them for a rent,
+      but to the person who possesses them, and pays that rent for them; such as
+      shops, warehouses, work-houses, farm-houses, with all their necessary
+      buildings, stables, granaries, etc. These are very different from mere
+      dwelling-houses. They are a sort of instruments of trade, and may be
+      considered in the same light.
+
+      Thirdly, of the improvements of land, of what has been profitably laid out
+      in clearing, draining, inclosing, manuring, and reducing it into the
+      condition most proper for tillage and culture. An improved farm may very
+      justly be regarded in the same light as those useful machines which
+      facilitate and abridge labour, and by means of which an equal circulating
+      capital can afford a much greater revenue to its employer. An improved
+      farm is equally advantageous and more durable than any of those machines,
+      frequently requiring no other repairs than the most profitable application
+      of the farmer’s capital employed in cultivating it.
+
+      Fourthly, of the acquired and useful abilities of all the inhabitants and
+      members of the society. The acquisition of such talents, by the
+      maintenance of the acquirer during his education, study, or
+      apprenticeship, always costs a real expense, which is a capital fixed and
+      realized, as it were, in his person. Those talents, as they make a part of
+      his fortune, so do they likewise that of the society to which he belongs.
+      The improved dexterity of a workman may be considered in the same light as
+      a machine or instrument of trade which facilitates and abridges labour,
+      and which, though it costs a certain expense, repays that expense with a
+      profit.
+
+      The third and last of the three portions into which the general stock of
+      the society naturally divides itself, is the circulating capital, of which
+      the characteristic is, that it affords a revenue only by circulating or
+      changing masters. It is composed likewise of four parts.
+
+      First, of the money, by means of which all the other three are circulated
+      and distributed to their proper consumers.
+
+      Secondly, of the stock of provisions which are in the possession of the
+      butcher, the grazier, the farmer, the corn-merchant, the brewer, etc. and
+      from the sale of which they expect to derive a profit.
+
+      Thirdly, of the materials, whether altogether rude, or more or less
+      manufactured, of clothes, furniture, and building which are not yet made
+      up into any of those three shapes, but which remain in the hands of the
+      growers, the manufacturers, the mercers, and drapers, the
+      timber-merchants, the carpenters and joiners, the brick-makers, etc.
+
+      Fourthly, and lastly, of the work which is made up and completed, but
+      which is still in the hands of the merchant and manufacturer, and not yet
+      disposed of or distributed to the proper consumers; such as the finished
+      work which we frequently find ready made in the shops of the smith, the
+      cabinet-maker, the goldsmith, the jeweller, the china-merchant, etc. The
+      circulating capital consists, in this manner, of the provisions,
+      materials, and finished work of all kinds that are in the hands of their
+      respective dealers, and of the money that is necessary for circulating and
+      distributing them to those who are finally to use or to consume them.
+
+      Of these four parts, three—provisions, materials, and finished work,
+      are either annually or in a longer or shorter period, regularly withdrawn
+      from it, and placed either in the fixed capital, or in the stock reserved
+      for immediate consumption.
+
+      Every fixed capital is both originally derived from, and requires to be
+      continually supported by, a circulating capital. All useful machines and
+      instruments of trade are originally derived from a circulating capital,
+      which furnishes the materials of which they are made, and the maintenance
+      of the workmen who make them. They require, too, a capital of the same
+      kind to keep them in constant repair.
+
+      No fixed capital can yield any revenue but by means of a circulating
+      capital. The most useful machines and instruments of trade will produce
+      nothing, without the circulating capital, which affords the materials they
+      are employed upon, and the maintenance of the workmen who employ them.
+      Land, however improved, will yield no revenue without a circulating
+      capital, which maintains the labourers who cultivate and collect its
+      produce.
+
+      To maintain and augment the stock which may be reserved for immediate
+      consumption, is the sole end and purpose both of the fixed and circulating
+      capitals. It is this stock which feeds, clothes, and lodges the people.
+      Their riches or poverty depend upon the abundant or sparing supplies which
+      those two capitals can afford to the stock reserved for immediate
+      consumption.
+
+      So great a part of the circulating capital being continually withdrawn
+      from it, in order to be placed in the other two branches of the general
+      stock of the society, it must in its turn require continual supplies
+      without which it would soon cease to exist. These supplies are principally
+      drawn from three sources; the produce of land, of mines, and of fisheries.
+      These afford continual supplies of provisions and materials, of which part
+      is afterwards wrought up into finished work and by which are replaced the
+      provisions, materials, and finished work, continually withdrawn from the
+      circulating capital. From mines, too, is drawn what is necessary for
+      maintaining and augmenting that part of it which consists in money. For
+      though, in the ordinary course of business, this part is not, like the
+      other three, necessarily withdrawn from it, in order to be placed in the
+      other two branches of the general stock of the society, it must, however,
+      like all other things, be wasted and worn out at last, and sometimes, too,
+      be either lost or sent abroad, and must, therefore, require continual,
+      though no doubt much smaller supplies.
+
+      Land, mines, and fisheries, require all both a fixed and circulating
+      capital to cultivate them; and their produce replaces, with a profit not
+      only those capitals, but all the others in the society. Thus the farmer
+      annually replaces to the manufacturer the provisions which he had
+      consumed, and the materials which he had wrought up the year before; and
+      the manufacturer replaces to the farmer the finished work which he had
+      wasted and worn out in the same time. This is the real exchange that is
+      annually made between those two orders of people, though it seldom happens
+      that the rude produce of the one, and the manufactured produce of the
+      other, are directly bartered for one another; because it seldom happens
+      that the farmer sells his corn and his cattle, his flax and his wool, to
+      the very same person of whom he chuses to purchase the clothes, furniture,
+      and instruments of trade, which he wants. He sells, therefore, his rude
+      produce for money, with which he can purchase, wherever it is to be had,
+      the manufactured produce he has occasion for. Land even replaces, in part
+      at least, the capitals with which fisheries and mines are cultivated. It
+      is the produce of land which draws the fish from the waters; and it is the
+      produce of the surface of the earth which extracts the minerals from its
+      bowels.
+
+      The produce of land, mines, and fisheries, when their natural fertility is
+      equal, is in proportion to the extent and proper application of the
+      capitals employed about them. When the capitals are equal, and equally
+      well applied, it is in proportion to their natural fertility.
+
+      In all countries where there is a tolerable security, every man of common
+      understanding will endeavour to employ whatever stock he can command, in
+      procuring either present enjoyment or future profit. If it is employed in
+      procuring present enjoyment, it is a stock reserved for immediate
+      consumption. If it is employed in procuring future profit, it must procure
+      this profit either by staying with him, or by going from him. In the one
+      case it is a fixed, in the other it is a circulating capital. A man must
+      be perfectly crazy, who, where there is a tolerable security, does not
+      employ all the stock which he commands, whether it be his own, or borrowed
+      of other people, in some one or other of those three ways.
+
+      In those unfortunate countries, indeed, where men are continually afraid
+      of the violence of their superiors, they frequently bury or conceal a
+      great part of their stock, in order to have it always at hand to carry
+      with them to some place of safety, in case of their being threatened with
+      any of those disasters to which they consider themselves at all times
+      exposed. This is said to be a common practice in Turkey, in Indostan, and,
+      I believe, in most other governments of Asia. It seems to have been a
+      common practice among our ancestors during the violence of the feudal
+      government. Treasure-trove was, in those times, considered as no
+      contemptible part of the revenue of the greatest sovereigns in Europe. It
+      consisted in such treasure as was found concealed in the earth, and to
+      which no particular person could prove any right. This was regarded, in
+      those times, as so important an object, that it was always considered as
+      belonging to the sovereign, and neither to the finder nor to the
+      proprietor of the land, unless the right to it had been conveyed to the
+      latter by an express clause in his charter. It was put upon the same
+      footing with gold and silver mines, which, without a special clause in the
+      charter, were never supposed to be comprehended in the general grant of
+      the lands, though mines of lead, copper, tin, and coal were, as things of
+      smaller consequence.
+
+
+## Extraction Guidelines
+
+---
+id: extraction-rules
+name: extraction_rules
+artifact_type: content
+description: Guidelines for extracting economic entities from source text
+version: 1.0.0
+---
+
+# Entity Extraction Rules
+
+## What Constitutes an Entity
+
+An economic entity is a distinct concept, actor, mechanism, or institution
+that plays a functional role in Adam Smith's economic analysis. Extract
+entities at the level of specificity where they carry independent meaning.
+
+## Extraction Criteria
+
+1. **Concepts**: Abstract economic ideas (e.g., "division of labour",
+   "effectual demand", "natural price"). Extract when Smith defines,
+   explains, or argues about the concept.
+
+2. **Actors**: Economic agents with defined roles (e.g., "the labourer",
+   "the merchant", "the sovereign"). Extract when the actor performs
+   a distinct economic function.
+
+3. **Mechanisms**: Processes or dynamics that produce economic effects
+   (e.g., "accumulation of stock", "market price adjustment",
+   "foreign trade"). Extract when the mechanism is described as
+   producing specific outcomes.
+
+4. **Institutions**: Organised structures that shape economic behaviour
+   (e.g., "the corporation", "the guild", "the joint-stock company").
+   Extract when the institution's economic function is described.
+
+## Granularity Rules
+
+- Extract at the level of a single coherent concept.
+- Do NOT extract synonyms as separate entities — choose the primary term
+  Smith uses and note variations.
+- DO extract distinct aspects of a broad concept as separate entities when
+  Smith treats them independently (e.g., "wages of labour" and "profits
+  of stock" are separate from "price of commodities" even though they
+  compose it).
+- If an entity appears across multiple chapters, extract it on first
+  significant appearance and note cross-references in later chapters.
+
+## Naming Conventions
+
+- Use Smith's own terminology where possible.
+- Normalise to lowercase except for proper nouns.
+- Use the most common form Smith uses (e.g., "division of labour" not
+  "divided labour").
+
+## Quality Checks
+
+- Each entity must have a definition that would be comprehensible without
+  reading the source chapter.
+- Each entity must cite the specific book and chapter of first appearance.
+- **Economic Domain** must be EXACTLY ONE of: Production, Distribution,
+  Exchange, Consumption, Accumulation, Regulation, or General Theory.
+  Do not combine multiple domains. Do not use any other value.
+- **Source Chapter format**: Use `Book [Roman numeral], Chapter [number]`
+  — for example `Book I, Chapter 3`. Do not include the chapter title,
+  quotation marks, markdown formatting, or asterisks. Use Roman numerals
+  for the book (I, II, III, IV, V).
+
+
+## VSM Framework Context
+
+Use the following VSM framework as context to guide your extraction.
+Prioritize entities that are likely to have clear mappings to VSM concepts,
+but do not exclude entities simply because they lack an obvious mapping.
+
+---
+id: vsm-framework
+name: vsm_framework
+artifact_type: content
+description: Stafford Beer's Viable System Model reference for economic analysis
+version: 1.0.0
+---
+
+# Stafford Beer's Viable System Model (VSM)
+
+The Viable System Model (VSM) is a model of the organisational structure of any
+autonomous system capable of producing itself. It was created by management
+cybernetician Stafford Beer in his books *Brain of the Firm* (1972) and
+*The Heart of Enterprise* (1979).
+
+## Core Principle: Viability
+
+A viable system is any system organised in such a way as to meet the demands
+of surviving in a changing environment. One of the prime features of systems
+that survive is that they are adaptable. The VSM expresses a model for a
+viable system, which is an abstracted cybernetic description applicable to
+any organisation that is a going concern.
+
+## The Five Systems
+
+### System 1 (S1) — Operations
+
+The primary activities that produce the organisation's purpose. These are the
+operational units that directly create value. Each operational element is itself
+a viable system (the principle of recursion).
+
+**In economic terms:** Productive enterprises, factories, farms, workshops,
+individual labourers performing specialised tasks, merchant operations.
+
+**Key properties:** Autonomy within constraints, self-organisation,
+direct engagement with the environment.
+
+### System 2 (S2) — Coordination
+
+The information channels and bodies that allow the primary activities in
+System 1 to communicate with each other and that allow System 3 to monitor
+and coordinate activities. System 2 dampens oscillations and resolves
+conflicts between operational units.
+
+**In economic terms:** Market price mechanisms, trade customs, standard
+weights and measures, commercial law, banking clearinghouses, trade guilds.
+
+**Key properties:** Anti-oscillatory, dampening, scheduling, conflict
+resolution, standardisation.
+
+### System 3 (S3) — Control / Operational Management
+
+The structures and controls that establish the rules, resources, rights,
+and responsibilities of System 1 and provide an interface between Systems 1
+and Systems 4/5. System 3 represents the day-to-day control of the
+organisation. It optimises the internal environment.
+
+**In economic terms:** Government regulation of trade, taxation policy, labour
+laws, enforcement of contracts, the "invisible hand" as emergent internal
+regulation, guilds and corporations governing members.
+
+**Key properties:** Internal regulation, resource allocation, accountability,
+synergy extraction, performance management.
+
+### System 3* (S3*) — Audit / Monitoring
+
+The audit and monitoring channel that allows System 3 to verify information
+coming from System 1 through channels other than those provided by System 2.
+System 3* provides sporadic, direct access to operational reality.
+
+**In economic terms:** Market inspections, quality checks, auditing of accounts,
+surprise investigations into trade practices, verification of weights and measures.
+
+**Key properties:** Sporadic direct investigation, reality checking, bypassing
+normal reporting channels.
+
+### System 4 (S4) — Intelligence / Adaptation
+
+The bodies and processes that look outward to the environment to monitor
+how the organisation needs to adapt to remain viable. System 4 captures
+all relevant information about the outside-and-then environment. It is
+responsible for strategic responses.
+
+**In economic terms:** Foreign intelligence about trade opportunities,
+market research, new technology adoption, colonial exploration and trade
+route development, understanding of foreign economic systems.
+
+**Key properties:** Environmental scanning, future orientation, strategic
+planning, modelling, research and development.
+
+### System 5 (S5) — Policy / Identity
+
+The policy-making body that balances demands from Systems 3 and 4 and defines
+the identity, values, and purpose of the organisation. System 5 provides
+closure to the whole system and represents its supreme authority.
+
+**In economic terms:** Sovereign authority, constitutional principles governing
+economic policy, national economic identity, the philosophical foundations
+of economic systems (mercantilism vs. free trade), the overarching purpose
+of the commonwealth.
+
+**Key properties:** Identity, ethos, supreme command, policy closure,
+balancing internal and external perspectives.
+
+## Key Concepts
+
+### Recursion
+
+Every viable system contains and is contained in a viable system. The same
+five-system structure recurs at every level of organisation. A workshop is
+a viable system within a factory, which is a viable system within an
+industry, which is a viable system within a national economy.
+
+### Variety
+
+A measure of the number of possible states of a system. The Law of Requisite
+Variety (Ashby's Law) states that only variety can absorb variety. A
+controller must have at least as much variety as the system it controls.
+
+### Requisite Variety
+
+The principle that for effective regulation, the variety of the regulator
+must match the variety of the system being regulated. This is achieved
+through variety attenuation (reducing the variety coming up from operations)
+and variety amplification (increasing the variety of management's responses).
+
+### Attenuation and Amplification
+
+Variety engineering mechanisms. Attenuation reduces variety (e.g., reporting
+summaries, statistical aggregation, standardisation). Amplification increases
+variety (e.g., delegation, empowerment, decentralisation).
+
+### Algedonic Signals
+
+Emergency signals that bypass the normal management hierarchy to alert
+higher systems of critical situations requiring immediate attention. Named
+from the Greek words for pain (algos) and pleasure (hedone).
+
+**In economic terms:** Market panics, famine signals, sudden price collapses,
+trade embargoes, economic crises that demand immediate sovereign intervention.
+
+### Autonomy
+
+The degree of freedom granted to operational units (System 1) to self-organise
+within constraints set by System 3. Beer argued that maximum autonomy
+consistent with systemic cohesion yields maximum viability.
+
+### Viability
+
+The capacity of a system to maintain a separate existence and survive in a
+changing environment. A viable system continuously adapts while maintaining
+its identity.
+
+
+## Existing Entities
+
+The following entities have already been extracted from previous chapters
+of this work. Do NOT re-extract any of these. If one of these entities
+appears in the current chapter, you may omit it entirely — the infospace
+already contains it. Only extract entities that are genuinely new.
+
+- accumulation-of-stock
+- adulteration-of-metals
+- adulterine-guilds
+- advanced-state-of-society
+- advancing-state-of-manufacture
+- agricultural-comparative-advantage
+- agricultural-cultivation
+- agricultural-demand
+- agricultural-efficiency
+- agricultural-improvement
+- agricultural-labour
+- agricultural-market-integration
+- agricultural-price-ceilings
+- agricultural-price-discovery
+- agricultural-price-discrimination
+- agricultural-price-elasticity
+- agricultural-price-floors
+- agricultural-price-mechanism
+- agricultural-price-regulation
+- agricultural-price-stability
+- agricultural-price-transmission
+- agricultural-price-volatility
+- agricultural-productivity
+- agricultural-specialization
+- agricultural-stock
+- agricultural-supply
+- agricultural-surplus
+- agricultural-technology
+- agricultural-trade
+- annual-consumption-of-metals
+- annual-industry-employed-in-production
+- apprenticeships
+- artificial-grasses
+- artificial-market-creation
+- artisan-specialisation
+- assaying
+- assize-of-bread
+- assize-of-bread-and-ale
+- aulnagers
+- average-price-of-corn
+- barbarous-nations-barrier
+- barter-and-exchange
+- benevolence
+- bleacher
+- butcher-trade
+- canal-communication
+- capital-employed
+- certificates
+- cheap-years
+- coal-heaver
+- coal-price
+- coarser-and-finer-materials
+- coined-money
+- collier
+- colony-prosperity
+- combination-of-masters
+- combination-of-workmen
+- command-over-labour
+- commercial-interactions
+- commercial-society
+- commercial-transactions
+- common-annual-profits-of-manufacturing-stock
+- common-labour-wages
+- common-returns-of-stock
+- competition-among-buyers
+- competition-among-dealers
+- competition-among-sellers
+- complete-manufacture
+- component-parts-of-price
+- contract
+- conversion-price
+- copper-money
+- corn-land
+- corn-rent
+- corporation-laws
+- corporation-privileges-and-market-prices
+- dear-years
+- debasement-of-currency
+- declining-manufacture
+- degradation-of-coin
+- demand-for-labour
+- division-of-labour
+- double-coincidence-of-wants
+- early-and-rude-state-of-society
+- early-navigation-advantages
+- economic-accessibility-determinants
+- economic-accessibility-gradient
+- economic-backwardness
+- economic-connectivity-importance
+- economic-development-constraints
+- economic-development-geography
+- economic-development-geography-theory
+- economic-development-sequence
+- economic-development-spatial-patterns
+- economic-geography
+- economic-geography-determinism
+- economic-geography-impact
+- economic-isolation-effects
+- economic-opportunity-cost
+- economic-opportunity-geography
+- economic-prosperity-symptoms
+- economic-spatial-inequality
+- economic-spatial-organisation
+- economic-stagnation-symptoms
+- effectual-demand
+- exchange
+- exchangeable-value
+- exchequer
+- exclusive-corporation
+- exportation-bounty
+- extraordinary-profits
+- farmer
+- farmers-profit
+- favour
+- flax-grower
+- fluctuations-in-value-of-gold-and-silver
+- foreign-trade
+- frozen-ocean-barrier
+- fruit-garden
+- fruit-wall
+- funds-for-maintaining-labour
+- gold-money
+- gold-price-variation
+- higgling-and-bargaining-of-the-market
+- hop-garden
+- human-nature
+- idle-consumers
+- improved-land
+- inclosure
+- inland-market-limitation
+- inland-navigation-extent
+- inland-parts-of-the-country
+- inland-trade
+- inn-or-tavern-keeper
+- instruments-of-husbandry
+- interest
+- interest-of-money
+- interest-or-use-of-money
+- journeymen
+- judgment-in-labour-application
+- kelp
+- kitchen-garden
+- labour-of-inspection-and-direction
+- labouring-cattle
+- labouring-poor
+- land-carriage
+- landlord
+- landlords-share
+- legal-rate-of-interest
+- legal-tender
+- licence-to-gather-natural-produce
+- lowest-rate-of-wages
+- machinery-invention
+- manufacturer
+- maritime-commerce-development
+- maritime-employment
+- market-access-cost-structure
+- market-access-development-sequence
+- market-access-economic-potential
+- market-access-gradient
+- market-access-inequality
+- market-access-opportunity-cost
+- market-based-economic-geography
+- market-based-economic-identity
+- market-based-economic-structure
+- market-based-productivity-limits
+- market-based-specialisation
+- market-communication-channels
+- market-development-prerequisites
+- market-driven-division
+- market-extent
+- market-extent-economic-impact
+- market-extent-measurement
+- market-integration-barriers
+- market-integration-potential
+- market-integration-timeline
+- market-obstruction
+- market-price-adjustment
+- market-price-of-bullion
+- market-price-of-commodities
+- market-rate-of-interest
+- market-regulation-of-prices
+- market-separation
+- market-size-economies
+- market-size-specialisation-threshold
+- market-size-threshold
+- market-town-economy
+- master-manufacturer
+- materials-and-subsistence
+- measure-of-exchangeable-value
+- mediterranean-civilisation-pattern
+- menial-servants
+- merchant
+- metal-currency
+- military-employment
+- mine-fertility
+- mine-situation
+- mint
+- mint-price
+- money
+- money-rent
+- monopoly-effects-on-market-price
+- monopoly-price-of-land
+- mutual-good-offices
+- natural-complement-of-riches
+- natural-market-advantages
+- natural-price-as-central-price
+- natural-price-of-commodities
+- natural-produce-of-land
+- natural-rates-of-wages-profit-and-rent
+- natural-rent-of-land
+- natural-state-of-employments
+- navigable-rivers
+- necessity
+- nominal-measure-of-value
+- nominal-price-of-commodities
+- non-standard-metal
+- occasional-and-temporary-market-fluctuations
+- ordinary-rates-of-wages-profit-and-rent
+- ordinary-state-of-employments
+- overstocked-market-conditions
+- pasture-land
+- payment-in-kind
+- perfect-liberty-in-trade
+- permanent-market-price-enhancements
+- piece-work-wages
+- pin-maker-trade
+- poacher
+- potato-cultivation
+- precious-metals-consumption
+- price-in-labour
+- price-in-money
+- price-of-commodities
+- prime-cost-of-commodities
+- principal-clerk
+- principal-employments
+- productive-powers-of-labour
+- profits-of-stock
+- progressive-state-of-society
+- proportion-between-metals
+- public-education-of-professionals
+- public-executioner
+- public-fiars
+- public-law-on-coinage
+- public-lottery
+- public-mourning-effects
+- public-registers-of-manufactures
+- quantity-of-labour
+- rate-of-profit
+- real-measure-of-value
+- real-price-of-commodities
+- real-value-of-corn-rent
+- regulated-proportion
+- religious-occupational-restrictions
+- rent-of-land
+- retail-trade
+- rice-countries
+- river-navigation-infrastructure
+- scarcity-of-hands
+- sea-coast-development
+- seignorage
+- self-love
+- settlement-laws
+- silver-money
+- silver-price-variation
+- skill-and-dexterity
+- smuggling-trade
+- species-of-industry-with-consistent-output
+- species-of-industry-with-variable-output
+- speculative-trade
+- stamp-masters
+- standard-metal
+- standard-weight-of-coin
+- stationary-country
+- statute-of-labourers
+- statutes-of-apprenticeship-effects
+- sterling-mark
+- stock-of-the-country
+- stock-of-the-farmer
+- subsistence
+- subsistence-agriculture
+- subsistence-of-the-dealer
+- sugar-colonies
+- superfluity
+- superior-hardship-and-superior-skill
+- tale
+- temporary-price-of-corn
+- three-original-sources-of-revenue
+- thriving-country
+- tobacco-colonies
+- toil-and-trouble-of-acquiring
+- trade-encouragement
+- trade-route-dependency
+- transportation-cost-differential
+- transportation-infrastructure-importance
+- transportation-mode-economic-effects
+- treaty
+- truck
+- unimproved-land
+- university-of-trades
+- unstamped-bars
+- value-in-exchange
+- value-in-use
+- value-of-gold
+- value-of-silver
+- variety-of-talents
+- venison
+- victuals
+- vineyard
+- wages-of-a-journeyman
+- wages-of-labour
+- water-carriage
+- weighing
+- whole-produce-of-labour
+- wholesale-trade
+- wood-price
+- wool-grower
+
+## Instructions
+
+1. Read the source chapter carefully.
+2. Review the list of existing entities above and do not duplicate them.
+3. Identify all distinct economic concepts, actors, mechanisms, and institutions
+   that are NOT already in the existing entities list.
+4. For each new entity, produce a separate markdown document following the
+   Economic Entity Schema v1.0.
+5. Each entity document must include:
+   - An H1 heading with the entity name
+   - A Definition section (20-150 words)
+   - A Source Chapter section citing the specific chapter
+   - A Context section describing where in the argument the entity appears
+   - An Economic Domain section classifying the entity
+6. Optionally include Smith's Original Wording (direct quote) and
+   Modern Interpretation sections.
+7. Use neutral, analytical language throughout.
+8. Ensure each entity is distinct and self-contained.
+
+## Output Format
+
+Output each entity as a separate markdown document, delimited by
+`--- ENTITY: <entity-name> ---` markers.
+
+Use **H2 headings** (`##`) for each section inside the entity document.
+Do NOT use inline `Section:` format or H3 headings.
+
+Example of a correctly formatted entity:
+
+```
+--- ENTITY: division of labour ---
+
+# Division of Labour
+
+## Definition
+
+The separation of a work process into distinct tasks performed by specialised
+workers, increasing productivity through greater dexterity, saved time, and
+the invention of labour-saving machinery.
+
+## Source Chapter
+
+Book I, Chapter 1
+
+## Context
+
+The opening chapter's central argument, illustrated by Smith's pin factory
+example showing how dividing 18 operations dramatically increases output.
+
+## Economic Domain
+
+Production
+
+---
+```