# Modes of Expense Affecting Public Opulence ## Definition The distinction between spending revenue on immediately consumable items versus durable commodities, where the latter contributes more to public opulence by providing useful goods to inferior ranks, encouraging frugality, and maintaining more productive hands than extravagant hospitality. ## Source Chapter Book II, Chapter 3 ## Context Smith's final analysis showing how different spending patterns affect national wealth, arguing that investment in durable goods creates more lasting economic benefits than consumption of perishable items. ## Economic Domain Consumption ---