feat(llm): add LLM integration module with OpenRouter and Claude Code adapters
Implements markitect/llm/ package with concrete LLMAdapter implementations:
- OpenRouterAdapter: HTTP via urllib with retry/backoff on 429/5xx
- ClaudeCodeAdapter: subprocess-based Claude CLI with stdin piping
- Factory pattern: create_adapter("openrouter") or create_adapter("claude-code")
- API key resolution chain: constructor > env var > project-root key file
- 42 unit tests, 2 integration tests (gated on API key / CLI availability)
Also adds the infospace-with-history example with Wealth of Nations VSM
analysis pipeline, templates, schemas, source chapters, and processed
output for chapters 1-2. process_chapters.py now supports --provider
and --model flags for automatic LLM-driven processing.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
This commit is contained in:
@@ -0,0 +1,399 @@
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# Extract Economic Entities
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You are an analytical economist specializing in classical economic theory.
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Your task is to extract distinct economic entities from a chapter of
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Adam Smith's *The Wealth of Nations*.
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## Source Chapter
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---
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id: book-1-chapter-02
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title: "OF THE PRINCIPLE WHICH GIVES OCCASION TO THE DIVISION OF LABOUR."
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book: "1"
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chapter: 2
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artifact_type: content
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---
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CHAPTER II.
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OF THE PRINCIPLE WHICH GIVES OCCASION
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TO THE DIVISION OF LABOUR.
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This division of labour, from which so many advantages are derived, is not
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originally the effect of any human wisdom, which foresees and intends that
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general opulence to which it gives occasion. It is the necessary, though
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very slow and gradual, consequence of a certain propensity in human
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nature, which has in view no such extensive utility; the propensity to
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truck, barter, and exchange one thing for another.
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Whether this propensity be one of those original principles in human
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nature, of which no further account can be given, or whether, as seems
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more probable, it be the necessary consequence of the faculties of reason
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and speech, it belongs not to our present subject to inquire. It is common
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to all men, and to be found in no other race of animals, which seem to
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know neither this nor any other species of contracts. Two greyhounds, in
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running down the same hare, have sometimes the appearance of acting in
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some sort of concert. Each turns her towards his companion, or endeavours
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to intercept her when his companion turns her towards himself. This,
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however, is not the effect of any contract, but of the accidental
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concurrence of their passions in the same object at that particular time.
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Nobody ever saw a dog make a fair and deliberate exchange of one bone for
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another with another dog. Nobody ever saw one animal, by its gestures and
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natural cries signify to another, this is mine, that yours; I am willing
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to give this for that. When an animal wants to obtain something either of
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a man, or of another animal, it has no other means of persuasion, but to
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gain the favour of those whose service it requires. A puppy fawns upon its
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dam, and a spaniel endeavours, by a thousand attractions, to engage the
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attention of its master who is at dinner, when it wants to be fed by him.
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Man sometimes uses the same arts with his brethren, and when he has no
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other means of engaging them to act according to his inclinations,
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endeavours by every servile and fawning attention to obtain their good
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will. He has not time, however, to do this upon every occasion. In
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civilized society he stands at all times in need of the co-operation and
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assistance of great multitudes, while his whole life is scarce sufficient
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to gain the friendship of a few persons. In almost every other race of
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animals, each individual, when it is grown up to maturity, is entirely
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independent, and in its natural state has occasion for the assistance of
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no other living creature. But man has almost constant occasion for the
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help of his brethren, and it is in vain for him to expect it from their
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benevolence only. He will be more likely to prevail if he can interest
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their self-love in his favour, and shew them that it is for their own
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advantage to do for him what he requires of them. Whoever offers to
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another a bargain of any kind, proposes to do this. Give me that which I
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want, and you shall have this which you want, is the meaning of every such
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offer; and it is in this manner that we obtain from one another the far
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greater part of those good offices which we stand in need of. It is not
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from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker that we
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expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest. We address
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ourselves, not to their humanity, but to their self-love, and never talk
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to them of our own necessities, but of their advantages. Nobody but a
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beggar chooses to depend chiefly upon the benevolence of his
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fellow-citizens. Even a beggar does not depend upon it entirely. The
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charity of well-disposed people, indeed, supplies him with the whole fund
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of his subsistence. But though this principle ultimately provides him with
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all the necessaries of life which he has occasion for, it neither does nor
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can provide him with them as he has occasion for them. The greater part of
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his occasional wants are supplied in the same manner as those of other
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people, by treaty, by barter, and by purchase. With the money which one
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man gives him he purchases food. The old clothes which another bestows
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upon him he exchanges for other clothes which suit him better, or for
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lodging, or for food, or for money, with which he can buy either food,
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clothes, or lodging, as he has occasion.
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As it is by treaty, by barter, and by purchase, that we obtain from one
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another the greater part of those mutual good offices which we stand in
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need of, so it is this same trucking disposition which originally gives
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occasion to the division of labour. In a tribe of hunters or shepherds, a
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particular person makes bows and arrows, for example, with more readiness
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and dexterity than any other. He frequently exchanges them for cattle or
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for venison, with his companions; and he finds at last that he can, in
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this manner, get more cattle and venison, than if he himself went to the
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field to catch them. From a regard to his own interest, therefore, the
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making of bows and arrows grows to be his chief business, and he becomes a
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sort of armourer. Another excels in making the frames and covers of their
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little huts or moveable houses. He is accustomed to be of use in this way
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to his neighbours, who reward him in the same manner with cattle and with
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venison, till at last he finds it his interest to dedicate himself
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entirely to this employment, and to become a sort of house-carpenter. In
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the same manner a third becomes a smith or a brazier; a fourth, a tanner
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or dresser of hides or skins, the principal part of the clothing of
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savages. And thus the certainty of being able to exchange all that surplus
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part of the produce of his own labour, which is over and above his own
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consumption, for such parts of the produce of other men’s labour as he may
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have occasion for, encourages every man to apply himself to a particular
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occupation, and to cultivate and bring to perfection whatever talent or
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genius he may possess for that particular species of business.
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The difference of natural talents in different men, is, in reality, much
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less than we are aware of; and the very different genius which appears to
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distinguish men of different professions, when grown up to maturity, is
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not upon many occasions so much the cause, as the effect of the division
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of labour. The difference between the most dissimilar characters, between
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a philosopher and a common street porter, for example, seems to arise not
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so much from nature, as from habit, custom, and education. When they came
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in to the world, and for the first six or eight years of their existence,
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they were, perhaps, very much alike, and neither their parents nor
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play-fellows could perceive any remarkable difference. About that age, or
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soon after, they come to be employed in very different occupations. The
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difference of talents comes then to be taken notice of, and widens by
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degrees, till at last the vanity of the philosopher is willing to
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acknowledge scarce any resemblance. But without the disposition to truck,
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barter, and exchange, every man must have procured to himself every
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necessary and conveniency of life which he wanted. All must have had the
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same duties to perform, and the same work to do, and there could have been
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no such difference of employment as could alone give occasion to any great
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difference of talents.
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As it is this disposition which forms that difference of talents, so
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remarkable among men of different professions, so it is this same
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disposition which renders that difference useful. Many tribes of animals,
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acknowledged to be all of the same species, derive from nature a much more
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remarkable distinction of genius, than what, antecedent to custom and
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education, appears to take place among men. By nature a philosopher is not
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in genius and disposition half so different from a street porter, as a
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mastiff is from a grey-hound, or a grey-hound from a spaniel, or this last
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from a shepherd’s dog. Those different tribes of animals, however, though
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all of the same species are of scarce any use to one another. The strength
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of the mastiff is not in the least supported either by the swiftness of
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the greyhound, or by the sagacity of the spaniel, or by the docility of
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the shepherd’s dog. The effects of those different geniuses and talents,
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for want of the power or disposition to barter and exchange, cannot be
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brought into a common stock, and do not in the least contribute to the
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better accommodation and conveniency of the species. Each animal is still
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obliged to support and defend itself, separately and independently, and
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derives no sort of advantage from that variety of talents with which
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nature has distinguished its fellows. Among men, on the contrary, the most
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dissimilar geniuses are of use to one another; the different produces of
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their respective talents, by the general disposition to truck, barter, and
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exchange, being brought, as it were, into a common stock, where every man
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may purchase whatever part of the produce of other men’s talents he has
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occasion for.
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## Extraction Guidelines
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---
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id: extraction-rules
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name: extraction_rules
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artifact_type: content
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description: Guidelines for extracting economic entities from source text
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version: 1.0.0
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---
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# Entity Extraction Rules
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## What Constitutes an Entity
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An economic entity is a distinct concept, actor, mechanism, or institution
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that plays a functional role in Adam Smith's economic analysis. Extract
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entities at the level of specificity where they carry independent meaning.
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## Extraction Criteria
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1. **Concepts**: Abstract economic ideas (e.g., "division of labour",
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"effectual demand", "natural price"). Extract when Smith defines,
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explains, or argues about the concept.
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2. **Actors**: Economic agents with defined roles (e.g., "the labourer",
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"the merchant", "the sovereign"). Extract when the actor performs
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a distinct economic function.
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3. **Mechanisms**: Processes or dynamics that produce economic effects
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(e.g., "accumulation of stock", "market price adjustment",
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"foreign trade"). Extract when the mechanism is described as
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producing specific outcomes.
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4. **Institutions**: Organised structures that shape economic behaviour
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(e.g., "the corporation", "the guild", "the joint-stock company").
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Extract when the institution's economic function is described.
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## Granularity Rules
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- Extract at the level of a single coherent concept.
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- Do NOT extract synonyms as separate entities — choose the primary term
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Smith uses and note variations.
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- DO extract distinct aspects of a broad concept as separate entities when
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Smith treats them independently (e.g., "wages of labour" and "profits
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of stock" are separate from "price of commodities" even though they
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compose it).
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- If an entity appears across multiple chapters, extract it on first
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significant appearance and note cross-references in later chapters.
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## Naming Conventions
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- Use Smith's own terminology where possible.
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- Normalise to lowercase except for proper nouns.
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- Use the most common form Smith uses (e.g., "division of labour" not
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"divided labour").
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## Quality Checks
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- Each entity must have a definition that would be comprehensible without
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reading the source chapter.
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- Each entity must cite the specific book and chapter of first appearance.
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- Economic Domain must be one of: Production, Distribution, Exchange,
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Consumption, Accumulation, Regulation, or General Theory.
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## VSM Framework Context
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Use the following VSM framework as context to guide your extraction.
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Prioritize entities that are likely to have clear mappings to VSM concepts,
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but do not exclude entities simply because they lack an obvious mapping.
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---
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id: vsm-framework
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name: vsm_framework
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artifact_type: content
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description: Stafford Beer's Viable System Model reference for economic analysis
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version: 1.0.0
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---
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# Stafford Beer's Viable System Model (VSM)
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The Viable System Model (VSM) is a model of the organisational structure of any
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autonomous system capable of producing itself. It was created by management
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cybernetician Stafford Beer in his books *Brain of the Firm* (1972) and
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*The Heart of Enterprise* (1979).
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## Core Principle: Viability
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A viable system is any system organised in such a way as to meet the demands
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of surviving in a changing environment. One of the prime features of systems
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that survive is that they are adaptable. The VSM expresses a model for a
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viable system, which is an abstracted cybernetic description applicable to
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any organisation that is a going concern.
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## The Five Systems
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### System 1 (S1) — Operations
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The primary activities that produce the organisation's purpose. These are the
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operational units that directly create value. Each operational element is itself
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a viable system (the principle of recursion).
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**In economic terms:** Productive enterprises, factories, farms, workshops,
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individual labourers performing specialised tasks, merchant operations.
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**Key properties:** Autonomy within constraints, self-organisation,
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direct engagement with the environment.
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### System 2 (S2) — Coordination
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The information channels and bodies that allow the primary activities in
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System 1 to communicate with each other and that allow System 3 to monitor
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and coordinate activities. System 2 dampens oscillations and resolves
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conflicts between operational units.
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**In economic terms:** Market price mechanisms, trade customs, standard
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weights and measures, commercial law, banking clearinghouses, trade guilds.
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**Key properties:** Anti-oscillatory, dampening, scheduling, conflict
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resolution, standardisation.
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### System 3 (S3) — Control / Operational Management
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The structures and controls that establish the rules, resources, rights,
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and responsibilities of System 1 and provide an interface between Systems 1
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and Systems 4/5. System 3 represents the day-to-day control of the
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organisation. It optimises the internal environment.
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**In economic terms:** Government regulation of trade, taxation policy, labour
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laws, enforcement of contracts, the "invisible hand" as emergent internal
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regulation, guilds and corporations governing members.
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**Key properties:** Internal regulation, resource allocation, accountability,
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synergy extraction, performance management.
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### System 3* (S3*) — Audit / Monitoring
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The audit and monitoring channel that allows System 3 to verify information
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coming from System 1 through channels other than those provided by System 2.
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System 3* provides sporadic, direct access to operational reality.
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**In economic terms:** Market inspections, quality checks, auditing of accounts,
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surprise investigations into trade practices, verification of weights and measures.
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**Key properties:** Sporadic direct investigation, reality checking, bypassing
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normal reporting channels.
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### System 4 (S4) — Intelligence / Adaptation
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The bodies and processes that look outward to the environment to monitor
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how the organisation needs to adapt to remain viable. System 4 captures
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all relevant information about the outside-and-then environment. It is
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responsible for strategic responses.
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**In economic terms:** Foreign intelligence about trade opportunities,
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market research, new technology adoption, colonial exploration and trade
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route development, understanding of foreign economic systems.
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**Key properties:** Environmental scanning, future orientation, strategic
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planning, modelling, research and development.
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### System 5 (S5) — Policy / Identity
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The policy-making body that balances demands from Systems 3 and 4 and defines
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the identity, values, and purpose of the organisation. System 5 provides
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closure to the whole system and represents its supreme authority.
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**In economic terms:** Sovereign authority, constitutional principles governing
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economic policy, national economic identity, the philosophical foundations
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of economic systems (mercantilism vs. free trade), the overarching purpose
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of the commonwealth.
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**Key properties:** Identity, ethos, supreme command, policy closure,
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balancing internal and external perspectives.
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## Key Concepts
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### Recursion
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Every viable system contains and is contained in a viable system. The same
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five-system structure recurs at every level of organisation. A workshop is
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a viable system within a factory, which is a viable system within an
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industry, which is a viable system within a national economy.
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### Variety
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A measure of the number of possible states of a system. The Law of Requisite
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Variety (Ashby's Law) states that only variety can absorb variety. A
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controller must have at least as much variety as the system it controls.
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### Requisite Variety
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The principle that for effective regulation, the variety of the regulator
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must match the variety of the system being regulated. This is achieved
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through variety attenuation (reducing the variety coming up from operations)
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and variety amplification (increasing the variety of management's responses).
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### Attenuation and Amplification
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Variety engineering mechanisms. Attenuation reduces variety (e.g., reporting
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summaries, statistical aggregation, standardisation). Amplification increases
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variety (e.g., delegation, empowerment, decentralisation).
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### Algedonic Signals
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Emergency signals that bypass the normal management hierarchy to alert
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higher systems of critical situations requiring immediate attention. Named
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from the Greek words for pain (algos) and pleasure (hedone).
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**In economic terms:** Market panics, famine signals, sudden price collapses,
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trade embargoes, economic crises that demand immediate sovereign intervention.
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### Autonomy
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The degree of freedom granted to operational units (System 1) to self-organise
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within constraints set by System 3. Beer argued that maximum autonomy
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consistent with systemic cohesion yields maximum viability.
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### Viability
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The capacity of a system to maintain a separate existence and survive in a
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changing environment. A viable system continuously adapts while maintaining
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its identity.
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## Instructions
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1. Read the source chapter carefully.
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2. Identify all distinct economic concepts, actors, mechanisms, and institutions.
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3. For each entity, produce a separate markdown document following the
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Economic Entity Schema v1.0.
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4. Each entity document must include:
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- An H1 heading with the entity name
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- A Definition section (20-150 words)
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- A Source Chapter section citing the specific chapter
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- A Context section describing where in the argument the entity appears
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- An Economic Domain section classifying the entity
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5. Optionally include Smith's Original Wording (direct quote) and
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Modern Interpretation sections.
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6. Use neutral, analytical language throughout.
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7. Ensure each entity is distinct and self-contained.
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## Output Format
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Output each entity as a separate markdown document, delimited by
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`--- ENTITY: <entity-name> ---` markers.
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user