218 lines
8.3 KiB
Markdown
218 lines
8.3 KiB
Markdown
# Software Architecture Documentation (arc42)
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## About this document
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**Purpose.** This document follows the **arc42** template to describe, communicate, and evolve the architecture of the system in a clear, lightweight, and practical way. For background on arc42, see the official overview and documentation.
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---
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## 1. Introduction and Goals
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Briefly explains why the system exists and which forces shape the architecture (business goals, functional scope, quality goals, stakeholders).
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### 1.1 Requirements Overview
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Summarize key functional requirements or link to your product/backlog sources; keep this concise and focused on what drives architecture.
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### 1.2 Quality Goals
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Capture 3–5 top quality attributes (e.g., performance, security, evolvability) that guide trade-offs and decisions.
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### 1.3 Stakeholders
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List stakeholders (roles, responsibilities, concerns) whose needs the architecture must satisfy.
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---
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## 2. Architecture Constraints
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Record constraints (technical, organizational, legal, standards, runtime environments, toolchains) that restrict options and influence design.
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---
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## 3. System Scope and Context
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Defines what’s in/out of scope and how the system interacts with its environment (users, neighboring systems, external services).
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### 3.1 Business Context
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Show business actors, interactions, and the value exchange; describe business-level inputs/outputs.
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### 3.2 Technical Context
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Show technical interfaces, protocols, data formats, and integration endpoints between the system and external systems.
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---
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## 4. Solution Strategy
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Summarize the key architecture approach: principal patterns, frameworks, major decisions, and the rationale linked to goals and constraints.
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---
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## 5. Building Block View
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Explains the static decomposition of the system into building blocks (modules/components/subsystems), their responsibilities, and dependencies—the “floor plan”.
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### 5.1 Level 1 – System/Top-Level
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Show the top-level breakdown into major subsystems or layers and how they collaborate.
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### 5.2 Level 2 – Key Components
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Zoom into one or more subsystems from 5.1 and present their main components and relationships.
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### 5.3 Level 3 – Internal Structure (as needed)
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Detail important components (data structures, classes, packages) when necessary for understanding or change.
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---
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## 6. Runtime View
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Describes significant scenarios to illustrate behavior and interactions of building blocks (sequence/flow, error paths, non-functional aspects).
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### 6.x Scenario <Name>
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State context, triggers, participating blocks, message/interaction flow, and notable variations.
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---
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## 7. Deployment View
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Maps software artifacts to infrastructure (nodes, regions, runtime platforms), including redundancy, scaling, and operational concerns.
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### 7.1 Infrastructure Overview
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Present environments (dev/test/stage/prod), regions/zones, and high-level topology.
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### 7.2 Deployment Mapping
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Describe which artifacts run where; capture capacity, sizing assumptions, and elasticity.
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### 7.3 Cross-Environment Differences
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List relevant differences (configs, data stores, integrations, security postures).
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---
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## 8. Cross-Cutting Concepts
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Central rules & approaches that apply across the system (domain model, architecture patterns, security, logging, error handling, configuration, i18n, etc.).
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### 8.1 Domain & Data
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Share ubiquitous language, key domain concepts, data ownership, and data lifecycle.
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### 8.2 Security
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Threat model highlights, authn/authz, secrets handling, crypto, secure defaults.
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### 8.3 Observability & Operations
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Logging, metrics, tracing, health checks, dashboards, incident response hooks.
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### 8.4 Error Handling & Resilience
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Policies for retries, timeouts, backoff, circuit breakers, idempotency.
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### 8.5 Configuration & Feature Flags
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How configuration is structured, validated, and delivered; flag strategy.
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### 8.6 Performance & Caching
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Hot paths, caching layers, data locality, performance budgets and profiles.
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### 8.7 Code & API Guidelines
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Language/framework idioms, API style (REST/gRPC/GraphQL), versioning and compatibility rules.
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### 8.8 Compliance & Data Protection
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Relevant standards/regulations (e.g., ISO, GDPR), data retention, audit trails.
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---
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## 9. Architecture Decisions
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A log of significant decisions (ADRs): context, options considered, decision, consequences, status (proposed/accepted/superseded).
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---
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## 10. Quality Requirements
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Elaborate quality scenarios (stimulus → response measure) tied to the goals in 1.2, including measurable acceptance criteria.
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### 10.1 Quality Tree
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Visualize quality attributes and their refinements to orient priorities.
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### 10.2 Quality Scenarios
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Concrete scenarios per attribute (e.g., “Under X load, 95th-pct latency ≤ Y ms”).
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---
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## 11. Risks and Technical Debt
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List key risks, assumptions, unknowns, and consciously accepted debt with mitigation/retirement plans.
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---
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## 12. Glossary
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Define important domain and technical terms to ensure a shared vocabulary; add abbreviations and acronyms.
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---
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## 13. Best-Practice Requirements & Quality Checklist
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Use these requirements to review and keep the document—and architecture—healthy over time.
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### 13.1 Structural Completeness
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- **All 12 arc42 chapters present or explicitly marked “N/A” with rationale.**
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- **Each section starts with a purpose blurb and ends with concrete, current content or a tracked TODO.**
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- **Cross-references link related content (e.g., 4 ↔ 5/8, 1.2 ↔ 10).**
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### 13.2 Consistency & Traceability
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- **Every major decision in 4 is backed by ADRs in 9 and aligned with 1.2/10.**
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- **Interfaces in 3.2 are consistent with components in 5 and scenarios in 6.**
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- **Deployment (7) matches runtime needs (6) and non-functional drivers (10).**
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### 13.3 Quality & Measurability
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- **Quality goals (1.2) translated into measurable scenarios (10.2) with thresholds.**
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- **Operational SLOs/SLIs defined and observable (8.3) and tied to alerts/dashboards.**
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### 13.4 Risk & Debt Management
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- **Top risks ranked with mitigations, owners, and review cadence (11).**
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- **Technical debt items carry impact, “pay-down” trigger, and target release.**
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### 13.5 Security & Compliance Hygiene
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- **Threat model snapshot exists; controls mapped (8.2).**
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- **Data protection & retention addressed; lawful bases documented (8.8).**
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### 13.6 Evolution & Maintainability
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- **Document is versioned; changes tracked with changelog and ADR status updates.**
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- **Architecture fitness checks (e.g., lightweight ATAM or quality scenario tests) scheduled.**
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- **Diagrams are living (source-controlled), with legend, date, and level of detail.**
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### 13.7 Fitness-for-Purpose Read-Through
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- **One-page executive summary aligns with goals and constraints.**
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- **A new team member can understand system scope (3), big picture (5.1), and how to run it (7) within 60 minutes.**
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