tegwick
fecc2fd4fa
Implements markitect/llm/ package with concrete LLMAdapter implementations:
- OpenRouterAdapter: HTTP via urllib with retry/backoff on 429/5xx
- ClaudeCodeAdapter: subprocess-based Claude CLI with stdin piping
- Factory pattern: create_adapter("openrouter") or create_adapter("claude-code")
- API key resolution chain: constructor > env var > project-root key file
- 42 unit tests, 2 integration tests (gated on API key / CLI availability)
Also adds the infospace-with-history example with Wealth of Nations VSM
analysis pipeline, templates, schemas, source chapters, and processed
output for chapters 1-2. process_chapters.py now supports --provider
and --model flags for automatic LLM-driven processing.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
92 lines
5.4 KiB
Markdown
92 lines
5.4 KiB
Markdown
---
|
||
id: book-2-introduction
|
||
title: "Book 2 Introduction"
|
||
book: "2"
|
||
chapter: 0
|
||
artifact_type: content
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
BOOK II.
|
||
OF THE NATURE, ACCUMULATION, AND EMPLOYMENT OF STOCK.
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
INTRODUCTION.
|
||
|
||
In that rude state of society, in which there is no division of labour, in
|
||
which exchanges are seldom made, and in which every man provides every
|
||
thing for himself, it is not necessary that any stock should be
|
||
accumulated, or stored up before-hand, in order to carry on the business
|
||
of the society. Every man endeavours to supply, by his own industry, his
|
||
own occasional wants, as they occur. When he is hungry, he goes to the
|
||
forest to hunt; when his coat is worn out, he clothes himself with the
|
||
skin of the first large animal he kills: and when his hut begins to go to
|
||
ruin, he repairs it, as well as he can, with the trees and the turf that
|
||
are nearest it.
|
||
|
||
But when the division of labour has once been thoroughly introduced, the
|
||
produce of a man’s own labour can supply but a very small part of his
|
||
occasional wants. The far greater part of them are supplied by the produce
|
||
of other men’s labour, which he purchases with the produce, or, what is
|
||
the same thing, with the price of the produce, of his own. But this
|
||
purchase cannot be made till such time as the produce of his own labour
|
||
has not only been completed, but sold. A stock of goods of different
|
||
kinds, therefore, must be stored up somewhere, sufficient to maintain him,
|
||
and to supply him with the materials and tools of his work, till such time
|
||
at least as both these events can be brought about. A weaver cannot apply
|
||
himself entirely to his peculiar business, unless there is before-hand
|
||
stored up somewhere, either in his own possession, or in that of some
|
||
other person, a stock sufficient to maintain him, and to supply him with
|
||
the materials and tools of his work, till he has not only completed, but
|
||
sold his web. This accumulation must evidently be previous to his applying
|
||
his industry for so long a time to such a peculiar business.
|
||
|
||
As the accumulation of stock must, in the nature of things, be previous to
|
||
the division of labour, so labour can be more and more subdivided in
|
||
proportion only as stock is previously more and more accumulated. The
|
||
quantity of materials which the same number of people can work up,
|
||
increases in a great proportion as labour comes to be more and more
|
||
subdivided; and as the operations of each workman are gradually reduced to
|
||
a greater degree of simplicity, a variety of new machines come to be
|
||
invented for facilitating and abridging those operations. As the division
|
||
of labour advances, therefore, in order to give constant employment to an
|
||
equal number of workmen, an equal stock of provisions, and a greater stock
|
||
of materials and tools than what would have been necessary in a ruder
|
||
state of things, must be accumulated before-hand. But the number of
|
||
workmen in every branch of business generally increases with the division
|
||
of labour in that branch; or rather it is the increase of their number
|
||
which enables them to class and subdivide themselves in this manner.
|
||
|
||
As the accumulation of stock is previously necessary for carrying on this
|
||
great improvement in the productive powers of labour, so that accumulation
|
||
naturally leads to this improvement. The person who employs his stock in
|
||
maintaining labour, necessarily wishes to employ it in such a manner as to
|
||
produce as great a quantity of work as possible. He endeavours, therefore,
|
||
both to make among his workmen the most proper distribution of employment,
|
||
and to furnish them with the best machines which he can either invent or
|
||
afford to purchase. His abilities, in both these respects, are generally
|
||
in proportion to the extent of his stock, or to the number of people whom
|
||
it can employ. The quantity of industry, therefore, not only increases in
|
||
every country with the increase of the stock which employs it, but, in
|
||
consequence of that increase, the same quantity of industry produces a
|
||
much greater quantity of work.
|
||
|
||
Such are in general the effects of the increase of stock upon industry and
|
||
its productive powers.
|
||
|
||
In the following book, I have endeavoured to explain the nature of stock,
|
||
the effects of its accumulation into capital of different kinds, and the
|
||
effects of the different employments of those capitals. This book is
|
||
divided into five chapters. In the first chapter, I have endeavoured to
|
||
shew what are the different parts or branches into which the stock, either
|
||
of an individual, or of a great society, naturally divides itself. In the
|
||
second, I have endeavoured to explain the nature and operation of money,
|
||
considered as a particular branch of the general stock of the society. The
|
||
stock which is accumulated into a capital, may either be employed by the
|
||
person to whom it belongs, or it may be lent to some other person. In the
|
||
third and fourth chapters, I have endeavoured to examine the manner in
|
||
which it operates in both these situations. The fifth and last chapter
|
||
treats of the different effects which the different employments of capital
|
||
immediately produce upon the quantity, both of national industry, and of
|
||
the annual produce of land and labour.
|